Association between dental caries experience and sense of coherence among adolescents and mothers.

BACKGROUND: Sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with oral health. AIM: Investigate associations between dental caries experience and SOC among mothers and adolescents. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1195 adolescents and their mothers. Data were collected through a questionnaire, the short version of the SOC and oral clinical examinations. The data were statistically analyzed using bivariate analysis, Poisson regression models with robust variance, and Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries experience was 41.8%. A moderate correlation was found between the SOC of mothers and adolescents (r = 0.563; P < 0.001). A higher mother's SOC (PR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.36-0.53) and adolescent's SOC (PR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.39-0.55) were protective factors against dental caries experience in the adolescents. The prevalence of dental caries experience was higher among adolescents with visible plaque (Model 1-PR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.53-2.04; Model 2-PR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.37-1.84) and those whose families were in a lower economic class (Model 1-PR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.35-1.80; Model 2-PR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.36-1.81). CONCLUSION: Dental caries in adolescents was associated with social determinants evaluated through the sense of coherence.

Diagnosis of sleep bruxism can assist in the detection of cases of verbal school bullying and measure the life satisfaction of adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a period with changes and conflicts. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between sleep bruxism, verbal bullying at school, and life satisfaction among Brazilian adolescents. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of 1344 Brazilian adolescents was performed. Possible sleep bruxism was identified using the consensus criteria based on the reports of parents. The parents and the adolescents answered validated questionnaires. The data were statistically analyzed using the chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: A total of 205 adolescents presented possible sleep bruxism (15.3%). This parafunction was more prevalent among adolescents who were victims of verbal bullying at school (PR: 6.31; 95% CI: 4.78-8.32), victim/perpetrators (PR: 5.27; 95% CI: 3.82-7.27), and who belonged to families from a higher socioeconomic status (RP: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.23-1.86). Possible sleep bruxism was also associated with higher scores in the domains of self (PR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00-1.08), school (PR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.09) and self-efficacy (PR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03-1.12), and lower scores in the non-violence domain (PR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Possible sleep bruxism can assist in the detection of adolescents involved in school bullying at school in the roles of victim and victim/perpetrator.

Bruxismo noturno, bullying verbal escolar e satisfação de vida dos adolescentes brasileiros / Sleep bruxism, scholl verbal bullying and life satisfaction among brazilian adolescents

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre o provável bruxismo noturno, bullying verbal escolar, classe econômica e satisfação de vida em adolescentes. : o primeiro com delineamento transversal de base populacional e o segundo, um estudo caso-controle aninhado ao estudo transversal. O estudo transversal de base populacional foi realizado com uma amostra de 1344 adolescentes de 13 a 15 anos de idade, matriculados em escolas de Itabira, Brasil. Os dados sobre o provável bruxismo noturno e classificação econômica foram obtidos por meio de questionário respondido pelos pais. Por sua vez, as informações sobre o envolvimento em episódios de bullying verbal escolar e satisfação de vida foram coletadas por meio de questionário respondido pelos adolescentes. O bruxismo noturno foi identificado à partir dos critérios mínimos da International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), enquanto as questões sobre o bullying verbal escolar foram baseadas no questionário da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). Para se classificar economicamente às famílias, foram adotados os critérios formulados pela Associação Brasileira de Empresa de Pesquisa (ABEP). A satisfação de vida foi avaliada através da Escala Multidimensional de Satisfação de Vida para Adolescentes (EMSVA). Os dados foram analisados mediante testes bivariados e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. De acordo com o relato dos pais, 205 (15,3%) adolescentes apresentavam provável bruxismo noturno. Em relação ao bullying verbal escolar, 10,9% dos adolescentes eram vítimas, 17,2% eram agressores e 5,9% eram tanto vítimas quanto agressores. A maior prevalência de bruxismo noturno foi observada entre adolescentes vítimas de bullying verbal escolar (RP: 6,31; IC95%: 4,78-8,32) e vítimas/agressores (RP: 5,27; IC95%: 3,82-7,27). O bruxismo noturno associou-se também à alta classe econômica (RP: 1,51; IC95%: 1.23-1,86), aos maiores escores de satisfação de vida nos domínios self (RP: 1,04; IC95%: 1,00-1,08), escola (RP: 1,05; IC95%: 1,02-1,09) e autoeficácia (RP: 1,07; IC95%: 1,03-1,12) e aos baixos escores de satisfação no domínio não violência (RP: 0,96; IC95%: 0,93-0,99). No estudo caso-controle, os adolescentes que participaram do estudo transversal foram distribuídos em dois grupos de acordo com a presença/ausência do provável bruxismo noturno. O grupo caso foi composto por 103 adolescentes com bruxismo noturno e o grupo controle tinha 206 participantes sem bruxismo noturno. Os grupos foram pareados de acordo com gênero e idade dos adolescentes e adotou-se uma proporção de dois controles para cada caso. A associação entre a variável dependente (bruxismo noturno) e as variáveis independentes (classe econômica e bullying verbal escolar) foi verificada por meio de modelos de regressão logística condicional não ajustado e ajustado. À partir da análise dos dados, verificou-se que os adolescentes com bruxismo noturno tiveram uma chance seis vezes maior de terem sido expostos a episódios de bullying verbal escolar (OR: 6,08; IC95%: 4,25-8,72), em comparação aos adolescentes do grupo controle. Diante destes resultados, concluiu-se que o bruxismo noturno associou-se significativamente ao bullying verbal escolar em ambos os estudos. Em contrapartida, a associação entre o bruxismo noturno e a classe econômica foi observada apenas no estudo transversal

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between probable sleep bruxism, school verbal bullying, economic class and life satisfaction in adolescents. This study will be presented in two papers format: the first crosssectional population-based and the second, a case-control study nested in the cross-sectional study. The cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with a sample of 1344 adolescents aged 13 to 15 years of age, enrolled in schools in Itabira, Brazil. Data on the likely sleep bruxism and economic status were obtained through a questionnaire answered by parents. In turn, the information about the involvement in episodes of verbal bullying and school life satisfaction were collected through questionnaires answered by adolescents. The sleep bruxism has been identified as the minimum criteria of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), while questions about the school verbal bullying were based on the questionnaire from the National School of Health (PeNSE). To qualify economically families, they were adopted the criteria formulated by the Brazilian Association of Research Companies (ABEP). The life satisfaction was assessed using the Multidimensional Scale for Adolescents Life Satisfaction (EMSVA). Data were analyzed using bivariate tests and Poisson regression with robust variance. According to parents' reports, 205 (15.3%) adolescents were likely nocturnal bruxism. In relation to the school verbal bullying, 10.9% of adolescents were victims, 17.2% were aggressors and 5.9% were both victims and perpetrators. The higher prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed among adolescent victims of school verbal bullying (OR: 6.31; 95% CI: 4.78 to 8.32) and victims/perpetrators (PR: 5.27; 95% CI: 3.82 -7.27). The sleep bruxism was associated also with high economic class (PR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.23-1,86) to higher life satisfaction scores in self domains (RP: 1.04; 95% CI: 1, 00 to 1.08), school (PR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.09) and self-efficacy (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.12) and low scores satisfaction in the non-violence (PR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93-0.99). In the case-control study, adolescents who participated in the cross-sectional study were divided into two groups according to the presence/absence of probable sleep bruxism. The case group was composed of 103 adolescents with sleep bruxism and the control group had 206 participants without sleep bruxism. The groups were matched according to gender and age of adolescents and we adopted a ratio of two controls for each case. The association between the dependent variable (sleep bruxism) and independent variables (economic class and school verbal bullying) was verified by conditional logistic regression models unadjusted and adjusted. In the analysis of this data, it was found that adolescents with sleep bruxism had a six times greater chance of having been exposed to episodes of school verbal bullying (OR: 6.08; 95% CI: 4.25 to 8.72) compared to adolescents in the control group. Given these results, it was concluded that sleep bruxism was significantly associated to school verbal bullying in both studies. In contrast, the association between sleep bruxism and economy class was only observed in cross-sectional study

Verbal school bullying and life satisfaction among Brazilian adolescents: profiles of the aggressor and the victim.

BACKGROUND: Bullying is a common occurrence in adolescence that may damage the physical and emotional health. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to analyze the profile of the adolescent aggressor only, aggressor/victim, victim only, and those not involved in verbal school bullying, and to associate their profiles with life satisfaction and familial characteristics evaluated through socioeconomic status. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 366 Brazilian adolescents between 13 and 15years. Verbal school bullying was identified using the Brazilian National School-Based Adolescent Health Survey (PeNSE) questionnaire. The life satisfaction of the adolescents was assessed using the Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale for Adolescents (MLSSA). Statistical analyses involved the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and the Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: Sixty-six adolescents (18%) were aggressors, 5.5% were victims, 2.7% were both aggressor and victim, and 73.8% were not involved in verbal school bullying. Most aggressors were male (PR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.23-3.14) and were satisfied with their family life (PR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.18-3.8). Victims of verbal school bullying exhibited a low prevalence of non-violence (PR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.09-0.64). Those who were both aggressors and victims were associated with factors of family support (PR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.07-0.89) and self-efficacy (PR=6.29, 95% CI: 1.54-25.6). Most of the adolescents who were not involved in verbal school bullying were female (PR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.16-1.51). CONCLUSIONS: Boys tend to be aggressors and girls tend not to get involved in verbal school bullying. Family satisfaction, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and levels of violence are important factors that can influence the profile of adolescents in relation to verbal school bullying.

Environmental factors, sleep duration, and sleep bruxism in Brazilian schoolchildren: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between environmental factors, sleep duration, and sleep bruxism (SB) in schoolchildren. METHODS: A case-control study was performed. Individuals participating in the study were randomly chosen from public and private schools in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. A total of 120 children with bruxism and 240 without bruxism (mean age, 8 years) participated in our study. A questionnaire for parents was used to collect data based on criteria taken from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Conditional binary logistic regression statistical tests and χ2 tests were used for analysis. RESULTS: The final logistical model found that children with a median sleep time < or = 8 h per night (odds ratio [OR], 2.561 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.480-4.433]), who did not enjoy a good night's sleep (OR, 3.253 [95% CI, 1.600-6.615]), who slept with noise in the room (OR, 2.699 [95% CI, 1.645-4.429]), and who had the light on (OR, 2.370 [95% CI, 1.446-3.884]), were more likely to have SB. CONCLUSION: Children who sleep for less than 8h a night are more likely to have SB. Light and noise in the room were two predisposing factors for the occurrence of SB.

Associação entre bullying, bruxismo noturno e satisfação de vida em adolescentes / Association between bullying, sleep bruxism and life satisfaction in adolescents

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre satisfação de vida, bullying e bruxismo noturno e aspectos sóciodemográficos em adolescentes. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 366 adolescentes com idade entre 13 e 15 anos, matriculados em cinco escolas da cidade de Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os adolescentes responderam a questionários de auto-retrato sobre a satisfasção de vida através da escala Multidimensional de Satisfação de Vida para Adolescentes (EMSVA) e sobre a ocorrência de bullying na escola, elaborado a partir de perguntas extraídas do instrumento utilizado na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Escolar (PeNSE)...

T regulatory cell markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Relationship with survival and tumor aggressiveness.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a heterogeneous cell family which plays an important role in tumor-associated immune response. Of these, T regulatory (Treg) cells have also been shown to inhibit anti-tumor response. We aimed to evaluate the expression of T regulatory cell markers (CD4, CD25, CTLA-4 and FoxP3) in samples of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and lip SCC (LSCC) by immunohistochemistry. The relationship of Treg markers with survival data and the proliferative index were also evaluated. We observed similar numbers of CD4-, CD25- and FoxP3(+) cells in OCSCC and LSCC. On the other hand, numbers of CTLA-4(+) cells were significantly lower in OCSCC than in LSCC. OCSCC samples with high numbers of CD4 exhibited a high proliferative index, while samples with high CTLA-4 counts demonstrated a low tumoral proliferative index. A log-rank test showed that patients with OCSCC that presented high counts of CD4 showed a significantly decreased survival compared with patients with low cell counts. In contrast, high CD25(+) cell counts were associated with increased survival. Our results suggest an association of CD4 with poor prognosis, while CD25 expression is related with favorable prognosis. These findings result from the heterogeneity of TIL subsets that display an antagonistic role in tumor immune cell response.